
OPHTHALMOBYTES
Ophthalmology at your fingertips!
A Virtual Ophthalmology Atlas!
Search
Sashwanthi Mohan
- Aug 16, 2020
- 1 min
Weekend Bytes
Atropine and Posterior Synechiae www.ophthalmobytes.com Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency #atropine #iris #synechiae #posteriorsynechiae #uveitis #anterioruveitis
37 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- Aug 6, 2020
- 2 min
Flecks!
𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘁’𝘀 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗲 ● Most common macular dystrophy ● Presents within first two decades but central vision loss may not occur until later in life ● AR- Mutation in ABCA4 gene on chromosome 1p21-22 ● AD Stargardt disease (STGD3) is rarer - ELOVL4 gene 𝘚𝘺𝘮𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘴: ● B/L central visual loss, photophobia, colour vision abnormalities, central scotomas, slow dark adaptation ● Visual deterioration progresses rapidly. 𝘍𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘴: ● Affects the
33 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- Jul 19, 2020
- 1 min
Weekend Bytes
Weekend Bytes Lenticonus Associations www.ophthalmobytes.com Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency #lens #lenticonus #anteriorlenticonus #cataractsurgery #alportssyndrome
43 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- Jul 12, 2020
- 1 min
Weekend Bytes
Kayser- Fleischer Ring Causes Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #KFring #ophthalmobytes #ophthal #cornea #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency
68 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- Jun 25, 2020
- 2 min
Filaments on cornea!
𝗙𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗞𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘀 Strands composed of degenerated epithelial cells and mucus develop and adhere to the corneal surface causing foreign body sensation & pain 𝘌𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘪𝘦𝘴 ● Aqueous tear deficiency - KCS ● Corneal exposure (seventh nerve palsy) ● Occlusion abnormalities - blepharoptosis ● Ocular surgery (keratoplasty) ● Systemic diseases with effects on the ocular surface (Sjogren’s syndrome) ● Extended use of anticholinergic medicatio
34 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- Jun 18, 2020
- 2 min
Absent Eyeball
𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘯𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘭 𝘈𝘯𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘭𝘮𝘰𝘴 It is the complete absence of the eye due to deficient formation of the optic vesicle during early phases of gestation 0.2-0.6 per 10,000 births Microphthalmia refers to the presence of a hypoplastic or rudimentary eye at birth 𝘙𝘪𝘴𝘬 𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘴: ● Maternal and gestational factors ● Genetic - SOX2 and RBP4 genes ● Chromosomal abnormalities- eg. chromosome 14 deletion, Trisomy 13 ● Environmental -Infections su
28 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- Jun 12, 2020
- 2 min
Fungal Ulcer- Diagnosis and Management!
𝘍𝘶𝘯𝘨𝘢𝘭 𝘜𝘭𝘤𝘦𝘳- 𝘋𝘪𝘢𝘨𝘯𝘰𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘔𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 The picture shows a KOH mount showing filamentous septate hyphae 𝗗𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘀: ● Corneal scraping- both diagnostic and therapeutic ● AC tap ● Corneal biopsy ● PCR ● Confocal microscopy 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘀 𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗱: ● KOH mount with Calcoflour white ● Gram’s stain ● Giemsa stain ● Lactophenol cotton blue ● PAS stain ● Grocott’s Methenamine-silver stain 𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲:
53 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- Jun 11, 2020
- 2 min
It's a fungus!
Fungal ulcer is caused by organisms: ● Nonpigmented Filamentous septate: Fusarium, Aspergillus ● Pigmented Filamentous septate: Alternaria, Curvularia ● Filamentous Non-septate: Mucor ● Yeasts: Candida 𝘙𝘪𝘴𝘬 𝘍𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘴: 𝗢𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝗳𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀: ● Trauma (with vegetative or organic matter) ● Chronic corneal inflammation - due to vernal or allergic keratoconjunc tivitis and neurotrophic ulcers secondary to varicella zoster or herpes simplex viruses ocular
49 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- Jun 7, 2020
- 1 min
Weekend Bytes
Deposits in Band Shaped Keratopathy www.ophthalmobytes.com Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency #cornea #bandshapedkeratopathy #calcium #epithelium #bowmans #bsk #stroma
64 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- May 24, 2020
- 1 min
Weekend Bytes: Systemic Disorders Associated with Subluxated lens
www.ophthalmobytes.com Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency
29 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- May 24, 2020
- 1 min
Weekend Bytes: Systemic Associations of Angioid Streaks
www.ophthalmobytes.com Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency
38 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- May 24, 2020
- 1 min
Weekend Bytes: Differential Diagnosis of Cherry Red Spot at Macula
Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency
56 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- May 9, 2020
- 2 min
Ulcus Rodens! Part 2
𝐌𝐨𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐧’𝐬 𝐔𝐥𝐜𝐞𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩𝐰𝐢𝐬𝐞 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐜𝐡 The goal of therapy is to arrest the destructive process and to promote healing and reepithelialization of the corneal surface 1. 𝘛𝘰𝘱𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘤𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘪𝘥𝘴 to control the inflammation 2. 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘫𝘶𝘯𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘢𝘭 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 ● Conjunctiva adjacent to the ulcer contains inflammatory cells that may be producing antibodies against the cornea
39 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- May 6, 2020
- 1 min
Ulcus Rodens!
𝐌𝐨𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐧’𝐬 𝐔𝐥𝐜𝐞𝐫 ● Mooren’s is a chronic, progressive and painful peripheral ulcerative keratitis of idiopathic/unknown etiology and no systemic associations. ● First described by Boman and McKenzie in 1854 as ‘chronic serpiginous ulcer/ ulcus rodens’ ● Autoimmune process - a Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction has been implicated - antigen antibody reaction to infectious toxin deposited in the peripheral cornea causes inflammation and ulceration ● More
63 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- Apr 28, 2020
- 1 min
Barren land!
𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐨𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐚 ● X linked recessive chorioretinal dystrophy ● Diffuse, progressive degeneration of the RPE, photoreceptors and choriocapillaries ● Mutation in CHM gene codes for REP-1 ( Rab escort protein) , Xq21 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬 ● Primarily degeneration of RPE cells or choroid or both with secondary degeneration of rods and then cones 𝐂𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 ● Symptomatic during 1st decade of life ● Nyctalopia/night blindness
77 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- Apr 22, 2020
- 1 min
Lens cone!
𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐋𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐮𝐬 ● The anterior surface of the lens assumes a conical/ spherical shape and protrudes axially into the anterior chamber ● Characteristically associated with Alport’s syndrome ● Bilateral in 75% of the cases ● Usually absent at birth and appears during second or third decade ● ‘Oil droplet’ reflex on retinoscopy/ slit lamp examination in early stages ● The site of the cone shows thin basement membrane (capsule) ● Decreas
60 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- Apr 8, 2020
- 1 min
Lost fovea!
𝐋𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐚! 𝘖𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘶𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘦𝘰𝘶𝘴/ 𝘖𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘢𝘳 𝘈𝘭𝘣𝘪𝘯𝘪𝘴𝘮 Albinism is a congenital disorder causing reduced pigmentation due to complete or partial absence of melanin pigment affecting the skin, hair and eye. Absence or defect of tyrosinase which is involved in production of melanin. 𝘛𝘸𝘰 𝘵𝘺𝘱𝘦𝘴: 𝐎𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐚𝐥𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐦 ● Involves the eye, skin and hair ● Autosomal recessive ● Many types - OCA Type 2 is the
47 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- Mar 19, 2020
- 1 min
Criss-Crossing!
𝘓𝘢𝘵𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘦 𝘋𝘦𝘨𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 ● Peripheral retinal degeneration with spindle-shaped areas of retinal thinning, most common degeneration to cause retinal detachment ● 8-10% incidence ● Present in 20-30% of Rhegmatogenous RD ● Symmetrical and bilateral, most common superiorly 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞: ● Elongated lesions with long axis parallel to the ora serrata, located in the peripheral retina, usually hyperpigmented and mottled looking
62 views0 comments
Sashwanthi Mohan
- Mar 15, 2020
- 1 min
Birthmark in the eye!
𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘫𝘶𝘯𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘢𝘭 𝘯𝘦𝘷𝘶𝘴 ● Most common melanocytic conjunctival tumour ● Benign growth, risk of malignancy <1% ● Types: Compound, Subepithelial and Junctional ● Noticed in the first or second decade 𝘈𝘱𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦: ● Slightly elevated, size can vary ● Can be pigmented or non-pigmented ● Many of them contain cystic components ● Most commonly present near the limbus ● Uncommon locations: plica, caruncle, fornix, tarsus ● Can become inflamed in
24 views0 comments