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A Virtual Ophthalmology Atlas!
Grades of Hyphema! Art by @mahuness www.ophthalmobytes.com #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency #medicaldoctor #doc #apaoyo #ophthalmicphotography
Serum lipid levels correlate with extent of hard exudates! www.ophthalmobytes.com Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency #medicaldoctor #apaoyo #diabetes #diabeticretinopathy
The quiz answer is… ICE Syndrome! Detailed explanation below! www.ophthalmobytes.com #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency #medicaldoctor #doc #apaoyo #icesyndrome #iris #cornea
Principle of cryotherapy Art by @mahuness www.ophthalmobytes.com #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency #medicaldoctor #doc #apaoyo #medicine #cryotherapy #retina #retinalbreak #retinaldetachment
Weekend Bytes Causes of Enlarged corneal nerves #cornea #cornealnerves #enlargedcornealnerves #ophthalmology #ophthalmologist #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #eyecare #eyecheckup #apaoyo
𝘠𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸 𝘭𝘪𝘥𝘴! 𝗫𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗺𝗮 Benign cutaneous lesions around the periocular area More common in women 30-50 years of age Associated lipid disorders Risk factors Diabetes mellitus Hypothyroidism Cardiovascular disease Obesity Pancreatitis Hyperuricemia Smokers Excessive alcohol intake Pathophysiology Increased plasma peroxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) resulting in cholesterol accumulation within macrophages to form foam cells
White Centered hemorrhages 𝗥𝗼𝘁𝗵 𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝘀 Described by Moritz Roth in 1872, Named as ‘Roth Spot’ in 1878 by Litten 𝘌𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘪𝘦𝘴: ● Subacute bacterial endocarditiis ● Anemia/Thrombocytopenia ● Leukemia ● Collagen vascular diseases ● Hypertensive/Diabetic Retinopathy ● HIV ● Anoxia ● Shaken baby syndrome ● CO poisoning ● Vitamin B 12 deficiency ● Traumatic delivery etc 𝘗𝘢𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘺: ● They result from retinal capillary
𝘐𝘳𝘪𝘴 𝘢𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘺 Specific conditions: Age related ● Atrophy of both iris stroma and pigment epithelial layer occurs as a natural aging process ● Bilateral, symmetric iris stromal atrophy. ● Normal pupillary contour with increased prominence of the pigment epithelium and the pupillary sphincter- tan rings Viral Uveitis ● Chronic inflammation can lead to characteristic iris stromal atrophy ● VZV generally produces sector iris atrophy due to a vascular occl
Atropine and Posterior Synechiae www.ophthalmobytes.com Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency #atropine #iris #synechiae #posteriorsynechiae #uveitis #anterioruveitis
𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘁’𝘀 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗲 ● Most common macular dystrophy ● Presents within first two decades but central vision loss may not occur until later in life ● AR- Mutation in ABCA4 gene on chromosome 1p21-22 ● AD Stargardt disease (STGD3) is rarer - ELOVL4 gene 𝘚𝘺𝘮𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘴: ● B/L central visual loss, photophobia, colour vision abnormalities, central scotomas, slow dark adaptation ● Visual deterioration progresses rapidly. 𝘍𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘴: ● Affects the
Weekend Bytes Lenticonus Associations www.ophthalmobytes.com Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency #lens #lenticonus #anteriorlenticonus #cataractsurgery #alportssyndrome
Kayser- Fleischer Ring Causes Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #KFring #ophthalmobytes #ophthal #cornea #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency
𝗙𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗞𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘀 Strands composed of degenerated epithelial cells and mucus develop and adhere to the corneal surface causing foreign body sensation & pain 𝘌𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘪𝘦𝘴 ● Aqueous tear deficiency - KCS ● Corneal exposure (seventh nerve palsy) ● Occlusion abnormalities - blepharoptosis ● Ocular surgery (keratoplasty) ● Systemic diseases with effects on the ocular surface (Sjogren’s syndrome) ● Extended use of anticholinergic medicatio
𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘯𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘭 𝘈𝘯𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘭𝘮𝘰𝘴 It is the complete absence of the eye due to deficient formation of the optic vesicle during early phases of gestation 0.2-0.6 per 10,000 births Microphthalmia refers to the presence of a hypoplastic or rudimentary eye at birth 𝘙𝘪𝘴𝘬 𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘴: ● Maternal and gestational factors ● Genetic - SOX2 and RBP4 genes ● Chromosomal abnormalities- eg. chromosome 14 deletion, Trisomy 13 ● Environmental -Infections su
𝘍𝘶𝘯𝘨𝘢𝘭 𝘜𝘭𝘤𝘦𝘳- 𝘋𝘪𝘢𝘨𝘯𝘰𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘔𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 The picture shows a KOH mount showing filamentous septate hyphae 𝗗𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘀: ● Corneal scraping- both diagnostic and therapeutic ● AC tap ● Corneal biopsy ● PCR ● Confocal microscopy 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘀 𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗱: ● KOH mount with Calcoflour white ● Gram’s stain ● Giemsa stain ● Lactophenol cotton blue ● PAS stain ● Grocott’s Methenamine-silver stain 𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲:
Fungal ulcer is caused by organisms: ● Nonpigmented Filamentous septate: Fusarium, Aspergillus ● Pigmented Filamentous septate: Alternaria, Curvularia ● Filamentous Non-septate: Mucor ● Yeasts: Candida 𝘙𝘪𝘴𝘬 𝘍𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘴: 𝗢𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝗳𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀: ● Trauma (with vegetative or organic matter) ● Chronic corneal inflammation - due to vernal or allergic keratoconjunc tivitis and neurotrophic ulcers secondary to varicella zoster or herpes simplex viruses ocular
Deposits in Band Shaped Keratopathy www.ophthalmobytes.com Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency #cornea #bandshapedkeratopathy #calcium #epithelium #bowmans #bsk #stroma
www.ophthalmobytes.com Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency
www.ophthalmobytes.com Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency
Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #ophthal #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency
